Hallmark findings

Albumino-Cytologic Dissociation
· Guillain-Barre (markedly increased protein in CSF with only modest increase in cell count)
Antiplatelet Antibodies
· idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Arachnodactyly
· Marfan’s
Aschoff Bodies
· rheumatic fever
Auer Rods
· acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML type M3)
Autosplenectomy
· sickle cell anemia
Babinski
· UMN lesion
Basophilic Stippling of RBCs
· lead poisoning
Bence Jones Protein
· multiple myeloma free light chains (either kappa or lambda)
· Waldenstrom’s macroglobinemia
Birbeck Granules
· histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)
Blue Bloater
· Chronic Bronchitis
Boot-Shaped Heart
· Tetralogy of Fallot
Bouchard’s Nodes
· osteoarthritis (PIP)
Boutonniere’s Deformity
· rheumatoid arthritis
Brown Tumor
· hyperparathyroidism
Brushfield Spots
· Down’s
Call-Exner Bodies
· granulosa cell tumor
Cardiomegaly with Apical Atrophy
· Chagas’ Disease
Chancre
· 1 ° Syphilis
Chancroid
· Haemophilus ducreyi
Charcot Triad
· multiple sclerosis (nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech)
Charcot-Leyden Crystals
· bronchial asthma
Cheyne-Stokes Breathing
· cerebral lesion
Chocolate Cysts
· endometriosis
Chvostek’s Sign
· Hypocalcemia facial spasm in tetany
Clue Cells
· Gardnerella vaginitis
Codman’s Triangle
· osteosarcoma
Cold Agglutinins
· Mycoplasma pneumoniae · infectious mononucleosis
Condyloma Lata
· 2 ° Syphilis
Cotton Wool Spots
· HTN
Councilman Bodies
· dying hepatocytes
Crescents In Bowman’s Capsule
· rapidly progressive (crescentic glomerulonephritis)
Currant-Jelly Sputum
· Klebsiella
Curschmann’s Spirals
· bronchial asthma
Depigmentation Of Substantia Nigra
· Parkinson’s
Donovan Bodies
· granuloma inguinale (STD)
Eburnation
· osteoarthritis (polished, ivory-like appearance of bone)
Ectopia Lentis
· Marfan’s
Erythema Chronicum Migrans
· Lyme Disease
Fatty Liver
· Alcoholism
Ferruginous Bodies
· asbestosis
Ghon Focus / Complex
· Tuberculosis (1 ° & 2 ° , respectively)
Gower’s Maneuver
· Duchenne’s MD use of arms to stand
Heberden’s Nodes
· Osteoarthritis (DIP)
Heinz Bodies
· G6PDH Deficiency
Hemorrhagic Urticaria
· Henoch-Schonlein
Heterophil Antibodies
· infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
Hirano Bodies
· Alzheimer’s
Hypersegmented PMNs
· Megaloblastic anemia
Hypochromic Microcytic RBCs
· iron-deficiency anemia
Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction
· Syphilis over-aggressive treatment of an asymptomatic pt. that causes symptoms 2° to rapid lysis
Joint Mice
· osteoarthritis (fractured osteophytes)
Kaussmaul Breathing
· acidosis
Keratin Pearls
· SCCA
Keyser-Fleischer Ring
· Wilson’s
Kimmelstiel-Wilson Nodules
· diabetic nephropathy
Koilocytes
· HPV
Koplik Spots
· measles
Lewy Bodies
· Parkinson’s (eosinophilic inclusions in damaged substantia nigra cells)
Lines of Zahn
· arterial thrombus
Lisch Nodules
· neurofibromatosis (von Recklinhausen’s disease)
Lumpy-Bumpy IF Glomeruli
· poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
McBurney’s Sign
· appendicitis (McBurney’s Point is 2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine)
Michealis-Gutmann Bodies
· Malakoplakia
Monoclonal Antibody Spike
· multiple myeloma this is called the M protein (usually IgG or IgA) · MGUS
Myxedema
· hypothyroidism
Negri Bodies
· rabies
Neuritic Plaques
· Alzheimer’s
Neurofibrillary Tangles
· Alzheimer’s
Non-pitting Edema
· Myxedema · Anthrax Toxin
Notching of Ribs
· Coarctation of Aorta
Nutmeg Liver
· CHF
Painless Jaundice
· pancreatic CA (head)
Pannus
· rheumatoid arthritis
Pautrier’s Microabscesses
· mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)
Philadelphia Chromosome
· CML · ALL
Pick Bodies
· Pick’s Disease
Pink Puffer
· Emphysema Centroacinar – smoking Panacinar - a1-antitrypsin deficiency
Podagra
· gout (MP joint of hallux)
Port-Wine Stain
· Hemangioma
Posterior/ Anterior Drawer Sign
· tearing of the PCL/ACL
Psammoma Bodies
· Papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid · Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary · Meningioma · Mesothelioma
Pseudohypertrophy
· Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Punched-Out Bone Lesions
· multiple myeloma
Rash on Palms & Soles
· 2° Syphilis · RMSF
Red Morning Urine
· paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Reed-Sternberg Cells
· Hodgkin’s Disease
Reid Index Increased
· chronic bronchitis
Reinke Crystals
· Leydig cell tumor
Rouleaux Formation
· multiple myeloma RBC’s stacked as poker chips
S3 Heart Sound
· L to R Shunt (VSD, PDA) · Mitral Regurg · LV Failure
S4 Heart Sound
· Pulmonary Stenosis · Pulmonary HTN
Schwartzman Reaction
· Neisseria meningitidis impressive rash with bugs
Simian Crease
· Down’s
Smith Antigen
· SLE (also anti-dsDNA)
Soap Bubble on X-Ray
· giant cell tumor of bone
Spike & Dome Glomeruli
· membranous glomerulonephritis
String Sign on X-ray
· Crohn’s bowel wall thickening
Target Cells
· Thalassemia
Tendinous Xanthomas
· Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Thyroidization of Kidney
· chronic pyelonephritis
Tophi
· gout
Tram-Track Glomeruli
· membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
Trousseau’s Sign
· visceral ca, classically pancreatic (migratory thrombophlebitis) · hypocalcemia (carpal spasm)
These are two entirely different disease processes and different signs, but they unfortunately have the same name.
Virchow’s Node
· supraclavicular node enlargement by metastatic carcinoma of the stomach
Warthin-Finkeldey Giant Cells
· Measles
WBC Casts
· pyelonephritis
Wire Loop Glomeruli
· lupus nephropathy, type IV
­ AFP in amniotic fluid or mother’s serum
· Spina Bifida · Anencephaly
­ Uric Acid
· Gout · Lesch Nyhan · Myeloproliferative Disorders · Diuretics (Loop & Thiazides)